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Shape Me Up! – Errorless Shaping

Design shaping sessions the learner can understand

Agnieszka Janarek Agnieszka Janarek

Build behavior from observable criteria, prerequisite skills, reinforcement placement, and the learner’s return—then use errors to decide what the plan needs next.

Start: 01 Sep 2026
Next: TBA

Auditor:

  • Duration: 6 weeks.
  • Learning materials: Written lessons with video tutorials.
  • Access to other Premium members' threads for additional insights.
  • Certificate of attendance upon completion.
  • Lifetime, 24/7 access to course materials.
  • Join the vibrant Tromplo community.
  • Earn 4 loyalty program points.

Premium:

  • Earn 15 loyalty program points.
  • Personalized attention: Instructor analyzes 12 minutes of your training videos weekly.
  • Engage in interactive learning with homework and daily feedback.
$139.00 Add to Cart

STARTS SEPTEMBER 1, 2026 · AUDITOR/SELF-STUDY · US$139

Build behavior deliberately without making confusion do the teaching.

This course is part of the education path

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STARTS SEPTEMBER 1, 2026 · AUDITOR/SELF-STUDY · US$139

Your learner should not have to guess what earns reinforcement. Neither should you.

Learn to observe, plan, build, and troubleshoot behavior without making endless trial and error—or the learner’s frustration—do the teaching for you.

Shape Me Up! treats shaping as a complete system: the goal behavior, prerequisite skills, antecedent arrangement, criteria, reinforcement placement, the return for the next repetition, and the evidence that tells you what to change.

  • Starts: 1 September 2026
  • Format: six-week self-study
  • Access: one year from purchase

Join Shape Me Up! · US$139

A shaping session is a connected sequence

Define the behaviorWhat would a camera record?
Find the building blocksWhich movement or prerequisite is missing?
Choose one criterionWhich observable change earns reinforcement now?
Plan delivery and returnWhat will make the next useful repetition likely?

Then look at what the learner actually did. A beautiful plan is still a hypothesis.

Design the learning process

  • See before you clickDescribe the behavior in observable detail and notice the first useful movement.
  • Build from modulesTeach component skills separately, strengthen them, and assemble them deliberately.
  • Plan the next repetitionUse reinforcement placement and the return to support what should happen next.

What exactly is the learner supposed to “figure out”?

You begin a shaping session with a clicker, food, and a behavior in mind. You click one small movement. The dog offers something else. Then a sit, a paw, a spin, a bark, or another behavior that has produced reinforcement before. You keep watching for something closer to the goal while the learner keeps searching through their reinforcement history.

This is often described as creativity. Sometimes it is useful variability. Sometimes it is a learner working inside a problem that has not been made clear enough.

“Let the dog figure it out” sounds empowering until we ask what information the training arrangement has actually supplied. If the plan is to stop reinforcing what worked a moment ago and wait for something better, extinction can begin doing much of the teaching. The session may fill with hesitation, repeated old behavior, changes in pace, vocalization, disengagement, or frantic experimentation.

The learner is not the problem. The design is where we look first.

Errorless does not mean perfect

Errors will happen. Error-minimizing shaping does not require a flawless learner or a laboratory vacuum. It means errors are treated as information, not as the engine of learning.

Instead of repeating the same arrangement and hoping the learner eventually finds the answer, you learn to examine the conditions around the behavior:

  • Is the criterion observable, achievable, and relevant to the final behavior?
  • Does the learner have the movement, balance, or orientation skill this step requires?
  • Is the environment cueing a different response?
  • Is reinforcement placement supporting the next repetition—or disrupting it?
  • Did handler movement, an object, a food position, or an old cue alter the behavior?
  • Is the learner readily returning, and is this actually the moment to raise criteria?

The aim is not to remove every challenge. It is to make successful approximations accessible, consequences understandable, and unnecessary frustration less likely.

The training begins before the click

The marker matters, but shaping starts with observation and design. What does the terminal behavior look like? Which details are essential? Which prerequisite is missing? What can the environment make easier? Where will reinforcement happen, and what will that placement set up next?

  1. Describe the terminal behavior. Replace a vague goal with actions a camera could record.
  2. Identify the modules. Find the movements, positions, orientations, objects, and environmental conditions the behavior requires.
  3. Arrange the first useful movement. Use the environment, targets, delivery patterns, luring, or other prompts thoughtfully rather than waiting for luck.
  4. Choose one clear criterion. Make it positive, observable, concise, focused on one thing, and doable now.
  5. Plan reinforcement and return. Decide where reinforcement happens and how the learner can enter the next repetition.
  6. Read the result and revise. Change the plan when behavior shows a missing skill, conflicting cue, or criteria problem.

Welcome to LEGOLAND

Traditional shaping is often drawn as a staircase: reinforce step one, then step two, then step three. Real learning rarely behaves so politely.

Shape Me Up! uses a modular approach. A heel setup, for example, may require pivoting, backing, balance, a tuck sit, head position, and fluent standing in heel. Each block can be taught, strengthened, and then assembled.

When the behavior changes, you are no longer limited to “lower criteria and try again.” You can ask which block the structure still needs. The dog is allowed to ruin a beautiful staircase diagram. Frankly, they are very good at it.

MovementBalanceOrientationBase positionFluent behavior assembled from strong components

Leave with a system you can use again

  • Create the first movementTurn a final goal into teachable components and arrange an accessible starting point.
  • Build a repeatable loopCoordinate criteria, reinforcement placement, transport, and the learner’s return.
  • Troubleshoot from evidenceUse errors, latency, pace, orientation, and fluency to choose the next plan.

The course uses dog-training examples, but the analysis applies across species, behaviors, and settings. The goal is not a library of fixed recipes. It is the ability to design the next one yourself.

Your six-week learning map

Week 1 · Understand the learning process

Examine shaping, successive approximations, extinction, frustration, resurgence, capturing, luring, and the observation skills that everything else depends on.

Week 2 · See behavior and find its modules

Extract essential features from the goal, identify component skills and movement patterns, and arrange the first useful response.

Week 3 · Turn analysis into a plan

Use backchaining, transport, criteria design, and the shaping spreadsheet to move from “I know what I want” to “I know what I will reinforce.”

Week 4 · Make errors useful

Analyse missing prerequisites, conflicting cues, handler position, reinforcement effects, resets, and weak points in the behavior chain.

Week 5 · Raise criteria and add duration

Read fluency and stability, change one variable at a time, and separate duration from distance and repetition.

Week 6 · Build stimulus control

Connect fluent behavior with clear antecedents and cues while protecting learner agency and the behavior you have built.

What is included

  • Six weeks of structured written lessons and video tutorials
  • Real training footage with detailed shaping breakdowns
  • Practical observation, planning, and training assignments
  • Flowcharts and a shaping spreadsheet for session design
  • Exercises in modular shaping, criteria, backchaining, delivery, duration, and stimulus control
  • Access to the Tromplo learning platform and community
  • Certificate of attendance upon completion
  • 24/7 access to the full course for one year from purchase

What previous students noticed

“The most important things I learned are how to describe the behavior I want to teach, analyze it and divide it into small pieces.”

— Arianna Tomassoli

“After six weeks I can still use the materials for our further work for many months.”

— Janina Gmiter

“The graphics helped me a lot to get a mental picture of what I’m learning about shaping.”

— Babak Homayouni

Choose this course if shaping is the problem you want to solve

A useful fit

  • The learner cycles through familiar behavior while you wait.
  • You know the final goal but not how to evoke the first movement.
  • The behavior changes when you raise criteria, add duration, or introduce a cue.
  • The same error returns even after you temporarily make the task easier.
  • You want precision while keeping agency and choice visible in the plan.

Choose by the actual bottleneck

If reliable behavior changes specifically when time increases, examine Duration by Design. If you need to locate the earliest visible change in a training sample, examine What Changed First?. If reinforcement placement and delivery are the main question, examine Strategic Reinforcement Delivery.

A larger course is not automatically the better decision. Choose the course that matches the behavior you can observe now.

Your instructor

Agnieszka Janarek is the founder of Tromplo and an animal trainer with a background in Applied Behavior Analysis. Her teaching begins with observable behavior, carefully arranged environments, reinforcement history, and the practical question that keeps good plans honest: what did the learner do next?

Shape Me Up! is built for intellectually curious trainers who want scientific precision without turning a training session into a vocabulary recital. A glossary is useful. It still cannot place the food for you.

Study the complete Shape Me Up! system

Auditor/self-study · US$139

Work through the complete written course, video demonstrations, practical assignments, flowcharts, and planning tools independently.

  • Starts 1 September 2026
  • Six-week learning path
  • One year of access from purchase
  • Certificate of attendance upon completion

Choose Shape Me Up! · US$139

Questions before you begin

Is this a live course?

This September edition is the guided Auditor/self-study route. The material is organized across six weekly modules, and you can study and train at times that fit your schedule.

What does Auditor/self-study mean?

You receive the complete lessons, demonstrations, assignments, flowcharts, planning tools, learning-platform access, and community access. You work through the material independently.

Do I need advanced shaping experience?

No. Beginners receive a structured progression; experienced trainers gain a deeper system for analysis, criteria design, modular teaching, and troubleshooting. Curiosity and a willingness to examine your own plan matter more than an impressive trick list.

Will the course teach one specific behavior?

You will see many practical examples, but the goal is larger: learning how to design a plan for different behaviors by observing, identifying modules, choosing criteria, arranging the environment, and analysing the result.

Does errorless shaping mean the learner never makes a mistake?

No. Errors still happen. The difference is that repeated failure or confusion is not treated as the teaching method. An error becomes information about the plan, environment, criterion, cue, or a missing prerequisite.

When does the September edition begin?

The Auditor/self-study edition begins on 1 September 2026. You keep 24/7 access to the material for one year from the date of purchase.

Build the next repetition on purpose.

Stop waiting for a lucky approximation. Learn to observe the behavior, find its modules, arrange the conditions, and use the learner’s response to decide what the plan needs next.

Join Shape Me Up! · US$139

Course Testimonials

Set aside the in detail words of this course, the graphics helped me a lot to get a mental picture of what I’m learning about shaping. definitely so much effort have been put behind this course which i really appreciate. thanks for making us better dog trainers. my dogs are also enjoying this knowledge that I’ve acquired and they want to say : Woof Woof !!!

babak homayouni

August 5, 2025

Set aside the in detail words of this course, the graphics helped me a lot to get a mental picture of what I’m learning about shaping. definitely so much effort have been put behind this course which i really appreciate. thanks for making us better dog trainers. my dogs are also enjoying this knowledge that I’ve acquired and they want to say : Woof Woof !!!

babak homayouni

August 5, 2025

I think it is so important to always try to become a better trainer and by taking an online course I both get an incentive to train – which is of course one prerequisite to improvement – but I also watch myself on video and can review what happened and even more crucial, I get feedback from a skilled trainer, who sees things from a different perspective than I do.

In this course specifically it is Agnieszka who provides the feedback and she has the perfect blend of pushing us further, sometimes setting us on a slightly different path or just cheering us on when we’re progressing. She is very creative in her solutions to any problems that arise and the feedback is so precise.

The content of the course gave me new insights in errorless and loopy training and I feel more confident moving on from this, though we didn’t reach my intended goal. But after all, it isn’t a competition, we are all on our own paths as teams with our dogs and the joy really is in the journey together, not necessarily the speed!

Carolina Sixt

January 22, 2024

In this course not only I understood how deep is the ocean of shaping, but Agnieszka also did great work in dividing it into small “chewable pieces” always perfectly described and explained in lectures.

The course as always was individualized- adjusted to the level of participants and their needs. We were working on our chosen behaviours but there were always many inspirations of behaviours to learn from Agnieszka’s lectures. The form of course allows also to see other participants, which is very valuable. I love that there is lots of knowledge but always presented in a practical way both due to Agnieszka’s videos and various practical homework. The content is packed, but after 6 weeks I can still use materials for our further work for many months. I recommend it for all dog handlers who want to teach their dogs more consciously and comfortably.

Janina Gmiter

January 11, 2024

This course is really important for me. I thought I was doing many things correctly but I discovered I wasn’t. The most important things I learned are how to describe the behavior I want to teach (we never do this. How can we teach a behavior if we don’t have in mind how it looks like? How can our dog learn it?), analyze it and divide it into small pieces. And this is really the key to shape behaviors. I really learned how to set my dog up to success. Agnieszka is an amazing teacher, her lessons are clear and so useful. I highly recommend this course even if you think you are a great trainer!

Arianna Tomassoli

June 30, 2023

Lessons:

  • Week 1 01 Sep 2026

    • Before You Begin: Shaping Is Designed, Not Guessed

      Shaping is often described as waiting for the learner to offer something and clicking closer attempts. That leaves out the…

    • Shaping – what it doesn’t look like

      What you will take from this lesson You will be able to spot three common shaping myths and explain why…

    • 3. Shaping – what does it look like? (Free lesson)

      What you will take from this lesson You will be able to describe shaping as a planned change in one…

    • Extinction & Frustration

      What you will take from this lesson You will separate an error, one nonreinforced response, extinction, resurgence, and a possible…

    • Learning cycle aka. loopy training

      What you will take from this lesson You will see one repetition as a whole loop: setup, response, marker, delivery,…

    • Shaping – capturing – luring – moulding

      What you will take from this lesson You will choose between shaping, capturing, targeting, luring, and other prompts according to…

    • Shaping your trainer’s skills: observation and operationalization

      What you will take from this lesson You will describe movement so another trainer could find the same event without…

    • PORTL

      What you will take from this lesson You will practice selecting, delivering, and resetting without asking your dog to absorb…

    • Shaping your trainer’s skills: operationalize behavior of your choice

      What you will take from this lesson You will turn one training goal into an observable definition and record a…

    • Optional geek corner: what the research actually says

      Optional geek corner: what the research actually says You do not need this bonus to follow the practical course.

  • Week 2 08 Sep 2026

    • Shaping your trainer’s skills: the essence!

      What you will take from this lesson You will separate the details that matter to the final behavior from interesting…

    • Stairways to heaven or Legoland?

      What you will take from this lesson You will break a complex behavior into useful building blocks and spot a…

    • How to get the behavior?

      What you will take from this lesson You will choose one practical route to make the first useful movement available…

    • Shaping your trainer’s skills: moduling

      What you will take from this lesson You will test one module outside the full behavior before asking it to…

    • Cue for shaping – revisited

      What you will take from this lesson You will notice the cues the learner may be using, including ones you…

  • Week 3 15 Sep 2026

    • Backchaining shaping plan!

      What you will take from this lesson You will plan from the finished behavior backward and decide how strong components…

    • Transport

      What you will take from this lesson You will use transport and reset to create a clear start position without…

    • Shaping your trainer’s skills: criteria: tag it!

      What you will take from this lesson You will write one positive, observable, short, and doable criterion for the next…

    • Shaping spreadsheet

      What you will take from this lesson You will choose the smallest amount of recording that can answer one real…

  • Week 4 22 Sep 2026

    • Errors

      What you will take from this lesson You will use one error to ask a better question about the criterion,…

    • Are you ready?

      What you will take from this lesson You will pause before practical work and check that the learner, setup, criterion,…

    • Flowcharts

      What you will take from this lesson You will rehearse the success, miss, reset, pause, and stop routes before the…

  • Week 5 29 Sep 2026

    • Raising criteria!

      What you will take from this lesson You will test one small criterion change and decide whether to keep, hold,…

    • Duration

      What you will take from this lesson You will define duration clearly and build it without simply withholding the marker…

  • Week 6 06 Oct 2026

    • Stimulus control

      What you will take from this lesson You will test whether the target response occurs with the intended cue and…

    • Free Shaping

      What you will take from this lesson You will describe what you mean by free shaping, decide when it is…

    • Final Lesson: Keep Designing Clear Learning

      At the beginning, I asked you to treat shaping as designed learning, not a guessing game. Return to one project…

Free Lesson

Shaping – what does it look like?

What you will take from this lesson

You will be able to describe shaping as a planned change in one observable part of behavior.

This lesson will be theory-heavy, but don’t worry; we will break down each definition into teachable units!

Definition of shaping: 

We will go through some of the definitions of shaping you can find in the literature:

  •  B.F. Skinner:

In Science and Human Behavior B.F. Skinner described shaping by creating an analogy:

“Operant conditioning shapes behavior as a sculptor shapes a lump of clay…The final product seems to have a special unity or integrity of design, but we cannot find a point at which this suddenly appears. In the same sense, an operant is not something which appears full grown in the behavior of the organism. It is the result of a continuous shaping process.”

  • J.Cooper, T. Heron, W. Heward:

“Using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior. Members of an existing response class are selected for differential reinforcement because they more closely resemble the terminal behavior.”

  • Kay Laurance  

Kay discriminates between shaping and micro-shaping.

“Shaping often termed shaping through successive approximations, to a goal behavior. Shapi g can lead to a very high level of error and frustration and the learner will need good mental stamina and motivation to keep trialing. Error is calculated as any unsuccessful action.

Micro-shaping is at the opposite end of the spectrum when the opportunity for error is minimized by control of the environment, usually the placement of the reinforcer. This enables the subsequent behavior to have a chance of 95% success”

  • Jesus Rosales-Ruiz and Mary Hunter

“Think of shaping as a straw rather than a funnel. With this mindset, the teacher starts narrowly by reinforcing a particular behavior the learner can already do. The component is then extended to create a new behavior or combined in a novel way with other behaviors. […] Rather than moving from broad to narrow, the teacher’s criteria for reinforcement and the amount of variability of the learner’s behavior both stay narrow the whole time”

 

The common ground of these definitions would be:

“Shaping a procedure relying on differential reinforcement of successive approximations to achieve a desired form of behavior.

Where many (like even Kay) would see a space for interpretation in this definition, a space for use of extinction I would argue otherwise. For me, the crucial part of this definition is “successive approximations“. Successive means leading toward the goal, which means they need to be successful. If we also apply what B.F.Skinner taught us about errors:

“Errors are not necessary for learning to occur. Errors are not a function of learning or vice versa, nor are they blamed on the learner. Errors are a function of poor analysis of behavior, a poorly designed shaping program, moving too fast from step to step in the program, and the lack of the prerequisite behavior necessary for success in the program.”

We immediately begin to see why I treat errorless shaping as a design direction: make useful responses easy to find and do not rely on repeated failure.

Errorless?

What does it look like?

One practical way to begin is to aim for a very high rate of accessible success. Kay Laurence’s micro-shaping example uses 95% as a guide. I do not treat that number as a universal rule; the learner’s behavior tells us whether the step fits. A clear target can still help a novice trainer see the size of each approximation.

Another approach is to look at each training loop and refuse to repeat the same error contingency. If a mistake occurs, change something in the setup before asking again. This asks more flexibility from the trainer, but the principle is the same: keep useful responses easy to find and let the learner’s next repetition inform the plan.

It’s essential to remember that as a teacher, your role is to create an environment that facilitates smooth learning and progression through the approximations. Setting up the stage for the learner and arranging the training environment appropriately are key factors in achieving an errorless approach.

Scientific parts of the definition broken down:

Differential reinforcement:

  • a procedure where only behaviors that meet a specific criterion are reinforced, while others undergo extinction;
  • example: a teacher reacts only when a child raises his/her hand but does not react when the child starts screaming.

Successive approximations:

  • it is often highly unlikely that the desired behavior in its final form will be offered in the first stages of shaping the behavior;
  • some behaviors do not belong to the natural repertoire of the given organism;
  • without establishing successive approximations, i.e., consecutive stages of the behavior, it is impossible to achieve it.

Extinction:

A procedure where the reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued (this refers to both positive and negative reinforcement), which lowers the frequency of the behavior. We will talk more about extinction in a separate lesson this week. 

Resurgence:

The reappearance of previously extinguished behavior during the process of extinction of another (recently reinforced) behavior. 

Read more here

Antecedent Arrangements:

“They are antecedent manipulations of environmental events prior to the occurrence of the behavior. They could affect problem behavior or the behavior we target to increase as a replacement.”

From a shaping perspective, the antecedent arrangement is “setting the stage”. It’s the first thing you got to think about when creating a shaping plan. What can I do to increase my learner’s chances of success? What objects to choose? What location in the training room? Should I use any environmental boundaries? 

This is an example of choosing an incorrect object for teaching behavior. Look how many frustration behaviors got in since there was too much extinction involved.

What can we shape? 

J.Cooper, T. Heron, W. Heward: “The end product of shaping – a terminal behavior – can be claimed when the topography, frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude/magnitude of the target behavior reaches a predetermined criterion level.”

In other words, we can shape:

  • topography: refining motor patterns of sit, heelwork, throwing a ball 
  • frequency: increasing number of steps in heelwork during one minute, increasing number of pushups during thirty seconds session
  • latency: increasing the time between barking, decreasing the time between scent cue and freeze response in nosework
  • duration: increasing the time of down-stay, increasing the time of plank
  • amplitude/magnitude: increasing the height of the jump, increasing the strength of paws targeting the station in flyball

Within topography:

It means that the form of the behavior remains constant, but differential reinforcement of successive approximations is applied to another measurable dimension of behavior, like for example the accuracy of treat tossing. 

Across topography: 

More specifically across different topographies. It means that selected members of a response class are reinforced. Teaching someone to speak would be a perfect example. We shape through different topographies: lip movement, speech sounds, etc. but they all lead to a terminal goal; speaking. 

One important takeaway

One crucial takeaway from this lesson and the entire course is that there is no single correct way to shape behaviors. The goal of this course is to equip you with the necessary skills and prerequisites to find a tailored series of steps for each learner, behavior, and environment, regardless of your previous experience. There is always another approach, another progression to achieve the desired behavior. However, there is no universal guidebook that outlines how to shape specific behaviors like X, Y, or Z. While the laws of behavior are universal, the practical application must be adjusted to the individual learner in front of you.

Later in Week 2, in Stairways to Heaven or Legoland, we will turn this into a practical, modular approach to shaping rather than a climb up one fixed ladder. As you finish this lesson, write down one question you want that lesson to help you answer.

 

Want to go one step further?

Treat a high success rate as a design aim, not as a scientific pass mark. Here, errorless shaping means making useful responses easy to find and avoiding repeated failure as the teaching engine.

Six cards define response dimensions: topography, latency, duration, frequency, magnitude, and distance, each with a short training example.Choose one observable response dimension at a time instead of asking for a vague improvement.

Try this

Pick one behavior and one dimension only: form, latency, duration, frequency, distance, or force. Write the current version and the next small version in two short sentences.

Check your understanding

  1. Can you raise form and duration in the same criterion?
  2. Does errorless shaping promise zero errors?

Answers

  1. You can, but you will not know which change caused a problem. Start with one.
  2. No. It is an error-minimizing design direction.